Introduction of Tharu Medical System

Tharu Medical system still exists as wide practice in rural Nepal.  Under medical system, the Tharu community has basically three practices; these are Tharu Mantars, which is used by Guruwa, Medicinal plants, which is used by Baidawa and Massage, which is used by Sohrinya and others practitioners. All of these practices have deep influences in poor and rich Tharu families all over Nepal.

Among them, Guruwa system is being practiced in organized way basically in Mid and Far western Tarai. In every village, they appoint chief and assistant Guruwa during the month of 'Magh' (15 Januray to 15 February) .f they take the responsibility of protecting villagers from epidemic diseases, natural calamities, insect bites, etc. for this work, they perform basic three worships, namely, Harya Gurai, Dhurya Poooja and Lawangi Pooja . they also do Barka Pooja in every 3/5 years and other worships as per need. In its return, villagers pay "Tihat" in yearly basis.

Sitaram Chaudhary

Bardiya

Tharu Indigenous NGO Federation (TINF) Kathmandu

Lots of Tharu NGO are registered and have been working in Tharuhat area. But they have been facing with many challenges, like, scarcity of financial support, incapable manpower insufficient institutional development, pressure of government acts and policies, biased behavior of local bodies and district level line agencies, threats from different interest groups, etc. so, there is essential need of network building of Tharu Ngos to solve all above listed side by side possible problems and give proper shape to empower all of the member organizations. During the armed conflict waged by CPN- Maoist, Tharu .

Tharu Indigenous NGO Federation came into existence and is affiliated with Social Welfare Council (SWC) in Kathmandu. Righ now, it has 150 member organizations and 15  district networks in Tharuhat area and in Kathmandu valley. It has top to bottom level networks, i.e. central committee, district committee and village level networks of member organizations. Through this network, it conducts its program activities from community to national spheres.

Vision :

Empowering member organizations and accomplishing indigenous people's justice through institutional development, capacity building, resource access and network building.

Mission:

Development of human resources and strengthen institutional system through increasing access in financial resources of national and international agencies, widening strong network of federation and conducting capacity building training.

Objective:

The federation will be non-profit making social organization. The objectives are as follows.

Sitaram Chaudhary

Bardiya

Computer system

The terms computer and computer system are different. A computer system is not a single device. There should be a combination of several parts to form a workable computer system.

Four major parts involved in a computer system are:

1.Hardware                                       2. Software

3. Data                                               4. User

Hardware: all the mechanical parts of a computer are collectively known as hardware. We can touch the hardware components. There are several hardware components in computer system. They are: mouse, keyboard, scanner, joystick, CPU, monitor, printer, speaker, plotter, RAM, and ROM, Hard disk, CD-ROOM, DVD, Pen drive, etc.

Software: A collection of one of more programs is called a software. Software contains sets of instructions which make the computer work. The software instructs the computer hardware what task it should perform and how. So, software enables the computer to do work. We cannot touch the software. Several types of software are used in computer such as: MS-Windows, MS-word, MS-Paint, Excel, Linux, PowerPoint, Intern Explorer etc.

User : computer doses not perform any task itself. It requires a user (man0f to operate. A user is the main handler of a computer system. The person who operates a computer is called user.

Data: Data means tiny pieces of raw facts. A computer processes the raw data and produces a meaningful information. Computer takes data as an input and processes them according to the given instructions. Data may be in the form of letters, sound, images etc.

Sitaram Chaudhary

Bardiya

Introduction of Internet and E-mail

Internet is also a kind of computer network in which millions of computers fare interconnected with each other. It is a worldwide computer network. It is also called network of networks. This type of network connects millions of users. It allows the users to communicate with other and transfer data files from one computer to any other computers throughout the world.

We can get the following services through the internet:

·        Send electronic mail (E-mail)

·        IRC chat

·        Play games

·        Red the news

·        Share ideas

·        Shop

·        Listen to the radio

·        Watch videos

·        Get software

·        And many other things with other people connected to the Internet all over the world.

Internet works a bit like the telephone system, via conventional cables, digital cables, optic fiber, cellular telephones, microwaves, satellites etc. Through which different data are sent. Internet was developed many year ago for military use and it gradually grew, incorporating education and investigating institutions. Nowadays, industries, shops, corporations and private users communicate via the Internet sharing software, making transactions, sending messages and information.

Sitaram Chaudhary

Bardiya

Microsoft windows

Microsoft windows is an operating system. An operating system is the main program of a computer. We can not operate any computer without an operating system. Operating systems act as link between user and the programs the user uses on a computer. Different types of computers use different types of operating systems such as MS-DOS, MS- Windows, Unix, Linux etc. MS-DOS is a single user and command line based operating system. Where MS-Window is a multi-user and graphical user interface based operating system most of the computers use Microsoft Windows operating system. Microsoft Windows was developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA.

Microsoft released different versions of windows such as windows 95, windows 98, Windows-2000, Windows-XP, Windows Vista, etc. in this series, we have been studying Windows XP.

Components of windows-XP

·        Desktop

·        Taskbar

·        My Computer

·        Internet Explorer

·        The Recycle Bin

·        Icon

Sitaram Chaudhary

Bardiya

General Introduction of Nepal

Nepal is a multi-cultural, multi-linguistic, multi-religious, multi-geographic and multi-caste/ethnic country. It lies in between 26⁰22 and 30⁰27 N Latitude and 88⁰4 and  88⁰12 E longitude, which is situated in between two largest countries, China and India. Physiographic ally is is divided into 7 physiographic zones namely Tarai, Siwalik, Mahabharat range, mid lands, Himalaya, Inner himlaya and Tibetan Marginal Mountains from south to north (Hagen, 1998). Due to extreme altitudinal variation, the climatic conditions also vary widely, nine bioclimatic zones exist in the country (NBS, 2002). The altitudinal limit varies (from 60m above the sea level in the Tarai to 8848 m the Mt Everest) existing within a small geographical area (147,818 sq. km), rendering the country unique in species richness and habit diversity (Chaudhary, 1998). The population of the country is 227,36,934 and the indigenous community forms a major portion in Tarai with several ethnic groups.

Sitaram Chaudhary
Bardiya Nepal